The effect of dissociating agents on the dispersion of a grated cheese: conclusions for its structure-holding interactions

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Yogucheeses – yoghurts fortified with melted cheese: microstructural, textural and rheological characterisation

Yoghurts are generally enriched with dairy protein powders. This research developed a cheese-fortified yoghurt – yogucheese. First, Emmental cheese was dispersed into submillimetre particles by melting it in a hot paste of gelatinised corn starch, or waxy rice starch, in milk, forming a melted cheese base (MCB). This MCB was mixed with further milk in different proportions, before addition of starter culture and fermentation. The products were then characterised in terms of macronutrient composition and physical properties. The new yoghurts had a firmer gel structure, lower syneresis and higher viscosity than controls, and were stable for 14 days.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The effect of dissociating agents on the dispersion of a grated cheese: conclusions for its structure-holding interactions

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Probing the structure-holding interactions in cheeses by dissociating agents – A review and an experimental evaluation with emmental cheese

Interactions holding protein structure in cheese has been a subject of considerable investigation, with conclusions varying among studies. We present a review on this topic, covering fresh curds, ripened cheeses, and processed cheeses. We discuss the usual chemicals and conditions used to probe different types of interactions. Furthermore, we did our own study with solutions of urea, SDS, EDTA, NaCl, and NaOH, at different concentrations and combinations, for Emmental cheese. To quantify solubilized protein, we developed a modification of a spectrometric-based method that can be conveniently employed to quantify total protein in cheese, with statistically similar results to those obtained by the Kjeldahl method. Our results point out that caseins in the Emmental cheese are held together by a set of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and other electrostatic ones, including ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds seem to have an important role, comparable to hydrophobic interactions, a conclusion not commonly reported for cheese structures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modelagem 3D de edifícios históricos: a influência do nível de detalhe (LOD) no processo de reconstrução virtual e interpretação da Villa Ferreira Lage, Juiz de Fora – MG

The present work investigates how different LOD (Level of Detail) configurations influence the construction and interpretation of three-dimensional (3D) models of historic buildings, here understood as virtual heritage. Despite offering new possibilities for the preservation, education, interpretation, and management of cultural assets, virtual heritage still demands more consistent theoretical-practical debates. In turn, 3D modeling, an important step in constructing 3D models, requires time, investments, and specialized professionals, while LOD, highlighted here as a parameter of 3D modeling, acts directly on the representation of models and, above all, on workflows. The object of study is Villa Ferreira Lage, a historic building located in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the methodology addressed has an exploratory, experimental and qualitative approach. Under the scope of interpretation of virtual heritage, this work focused on two main points: (i) to respond to the gaps found in the literature and (ii) to propose an exploratory study that relates Villa Ferreira Lage's 3D models with different LOD's to the perception of users when experimenting with them under a phenomenological approach. Thus, it was possible to identify which elements and configurations of the 3D models were predominant. The adopted procedures were based on mapping Villa Ferreira Lage's 3D modeling process and applying a phenomenological method to the experiment. The activity was conducted through an online workshop, where 11 students entering the FAU-UFJF Architecture and Urbanism program could virtually experience the 3D models created, comparing them to the physical building. Animations of 3D models and a film outside the Villa were used, and the participants were divided into five groups, one for each explored LOD. When watching the videos, they described their experiences through reports that were analyzed listing the emerging themes from the speeches. Finally, the findings underwent a statistical analysis in IRAMUTEQ software to understand how each theme was linked to the others and the videos. The experiment showed that 3D models with higher LOD's led to greater comments about Villa Ferreira Lage's architecture and elements such as the building's surroundings, the humanization of the scenery, and the temporal depth of the 3D models must be considered in the virtual reconstruction process.O presente trabalho investiga como diferentes configurações de LOD (Level of Detail) influenciam na construção e interpretação de modelos tridimensionais (3D) de edifícios históricos. Apesar de oferecer novas possibilidades às ações de preservação, educação, interpretação e gestão de bens culturais, o patrimônio virtual ainda demanda debates teóricopráticos mais consistentes. A modelagem 3D, por sua vez, uma importante etapa na construção dos modelos 3D, requer tempo, investimentos e profissionais especializados enquanto o LOD, destacado aqui como um parâmetro da modelagem 3D, atua diretamente na representação dos modelos e sobretudo, nos fluxos de trabalho. A metodologia traçada tem caráter exploratório, experimental e abordagem qualitativa. Sob o âmbito da interpretação do patrimônio virtual, o trabalho focou em dois pontos principais: (i) responder às lacunas encontradas na literatura e ainda; (ii) propor um estudo exploratório que relacione o LOD de modelos 3D da Villa Ferreira Lage e a percepção dos usuários ao experimentá-los sob uma abordagem fenomenológica, para que, desta forma, fosse possível identificar quais elementos e configurações do modelo 3D foram preponderantes na sua experimentação. Os procedimentos adotados apoiam-se no mapeamento do processo de modelagem 3D da Villa Ferreira Lage e no método fenomenológico aplicado a um experimento que consistiu em uma oficina online, onde 11 alunos ingressantes do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAU-UFJF puderam experimentar virtualmente os modelos 3D de diferentes LODs e compará-los a um vídeo do edifício físico. Os participantes foram divididos em cinco grupos, um para cada LOD proposto. Ao assistirem aos vídeos, eles descreveram a sua experiência por meio de relatos que foram analisados enumerando as temáticas emergentes dos discursos. Ao final, os achados passaram por uma análise estatística no software IRAMUTEQ, a fim de entender como diferentes temáticas estiveram atreladas entre si e aos vídeos. O experimento mostrou que os modelos 3D com maior LOD resultaram em comentários mais detalhados sobre a arquitetura da Villa Ferreira Lage e que elementos como o entorno do edifício, a humanização do cenário e a profundidade temporal dos modelos 3D devem ser considerados no processo de reconstrução virtual

Economic injury level for sugarcane caused by the spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera:Cercopidae)

A cigarrinha-das-raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål), é uma das mais importantes pragas da cana-de-açúcar na região Centro-Sul do Brasil. Apesar disso, avanços na implantação de programas de manejo estão sendo limitados pela falta de informações sobre o nível de dano econômico. Neste trabalho, o nível de dano econômico de M. fimbriolata foi estimado em experimento em campo, em áreas colhidas em setembro, aplicando thiamethoxam na dose de 200 g a.i. ha-1 ou imidacloprid na dose de 720 g a.i. ha-1. Em um dos ensaios, as aplicações de inseticidas foram feitas quando as infestações da praga eram de 4.2 (11/12/04), 7.1 (01/11/05) ou 16.3 (01/18/05) insetos m-1 e no ensaio 2, quando as populações da praga eram de 5.6 (11/12/04), 8.5 (01/11/05) ou 15.3 (01/11/05) insetos m-1. Parcelas testemunhas sem inseticida foram mantidas. Após as aplicações, as infestações de cigarrinha foram estimadas mensalmente e os ensaios foram colhidos em setembro de 2005. O controle de cigarrinha pela aplicação de inseticidas resultou incrementos de produtividade de colmos e de açúcar, em relação à testemunha, em ambos os ensaios. Aplicações feitas sob infestações menores resultaram em maiores produtividades do que aplicações feitas com populações mais elevadas. Não houve diferenças entre os inseticidas em um dos ensaios, mas no outro, thiamethoxan contribuiu para maiores incrementos de produtividade do que imidacloprid. Aplicações de inseticidas feitas sob infestações mais baixas resultaram em maiores lucros. Análises de regressão permitiram estimar o nível de dano econômico da praga, nas condições do presente ensaio, entre 2 e 3 insetos m-1.The sugarcane spittlebug, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål), is currently one of the most important pests of the sugarcane crop in Brazil. In spite of its economic importance, advances in the management of this pest have been limited by the lack of information on the economic injury level. In this study, the economic injury level for M. fimbriolata was estimated in a field experiment, over areas harvested in September, applying thiamethoxam at 200 g a.i. ha-1 or imidacloprid at 720 g a.i. ha-1. In one of the experiments, insecticide applications were made at pest infestation values of 4.2 (11/12/04), 7.1 (01/11/05), or 16.3 (01/18/05) insects m-1, and in experiment 2 when pest populations were 5.6 (11/12/04), 8.5 (01/11/05), or 15.3 (01/11/05) insects m-1. Control plots without insecticide were maintained. After the applications, spittlebug infestations were estimated monthly, and the experiments were harvested in September 2005. Spittlebug control with the application of insecticides resulted in stalk and sugar yield increases in relation to the control, for both experiments. Applications performed under smaller infestations resulted in higher yields than applications made under higher populations. There were no differences between insecticides in one of the experiments; in the other, however, thiamethoxan contributed to greater yield increases than imidacloprid. Insecticide applications made under lower infestations resulted in greater profits. Regression analyses allowed the estimation of the pest economic injury level to be between 2 to 3 insects m-1 for the conditions of this experiment

Empowerment of Assistive Technologies with Mobile Devices in a DUI Ecosystem

AbstractEven though mobile devices already play an important role in assisting people with disabilities in their daily and professional lives, there are opportunities to further advances by developing assistive technology with Distributed User Interfaces (DUIs). DUIs empower not only the individual but also the environment. In order to support exploration of this concept, we present a mobile application developed with DUI characteristics in an educational context. We discuss achieved results in the light of the empowerment objective

Development of a Novel Fresh Cheese Incorporating Ripened Cheese Surpluses

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